The Lightning Of A Lightning Essay - 1306 Words

Roughly 265 years ago a man rode horseback through a lightning storm with both a kite and a key in hand, in hopes to prove something questioned by many; Whether or not lightning is a form of electricity. The sight may be strange to see and even hear about, but in the name of science and proving that lightning is, in fact, a type of energy, Benjamin Franklin, a scientist at heart, would do anything to test his theory about lightning. Though he may not have wanted to use this knowledge to capture lightning and convert it into usable energy, he did want to protect people and buildings by creating a path of least resistance to the ground for the lightning to travel, most commonly known as the lightning rod. Despite being a genius, capturing lightning for energy may have been a bit far out of reach for Franklin, perhaps more attainable by another scientist. Nikola Tesla, like Benjamin Franklin, was also captivated by the phenomenon of lightning. Tesla, did not want to capture lightning, but create the electrical effects to the same scale as one of nature’s most beautiful occurrences. Tesla’s idea was to â€Å"transmit electrical power without wires at high altitudes,† the same way energy is transferred during a lightning storm (Uth, 2000). In the grand scheme, his idea was too futuristic according to the many who thought he was crazy, however with the right tools, Tesla could have made it work. Lightning, while intriguing and a seemingly large waste of energy, is not as easy toShow MoreRelatedThe Lightning Thief1024 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lightning Thief Main article: The Lightning Thief The Lightning Thief is the first book in the series. It was released on June 28, 2005. Percy Jackson is a 12-year-old with ADHD and dyslexia. Percy goes to a middle school called Yancy Academy, which is a school for troubled kids. During a field trip, Percy is attacked by Alecto, a mythological creature known as a Fury, who was disguised as his pre-algebra teacher Mrs. Dodds. Percy kills Mrs. Dodds with a pen sword that his Latin teacherRead MoreAn Article On Lightning Strikes1162 Words   |  5 PagesWhile reading an article in the National Geographic magazine, I then learned about lightning strikes. When lightning strikes it produces hundreds of millions of volts this is more electricity that could be produced by all U.S. generators combined during that instant. However, since the flash of the lightning is so brief that the electric energy that it strikes would only power a light bulb for about a month. As a thundercloud fills with air, rising ice crystals collide with falling hailstones.Read MoreLightning Quotes In Frankenstein1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe lightning â€Å"shock† relates to the overall motif as an ironic moment of destruction. In the medical field, shocks are associated with reviving the heart. Defibrillators are used to revive lives by sending a brief electric shock straight to the heart. But Frankenstein is not being revived by an electric shock; instead, he is losing life. After Justine died, Frankenstein felt a heavy blanket of guilt, â€Å"I was seized by remorse and the sense of guilt† (Shelley 61). It weighed on him; as a result, heRead MoreLightning Is A Mystery Element910 Words   |  4 Pages Lightning is a mystery element to many people. The definition of lightning is; the occurrence of a natural electrical discharge of very short duration and high voltage between a cloud and the ground or within a cloud, accompanied by a bright flash and typically also thunder. There are many different kinds of lightning that occur all over the world. Lightning is formed by electric charges in the sky, from positive charges to negative charges. Lightning can also be very dangerous if exposed or struckRead MoreThe Invention Of Lightning Rod1601 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems. It can be said that originally technology was invented to improve the lives of the human race. For instance, the invention of lightning rod in the year 1752 where â€Å"Benjamin Franklin s electricity experiments lead him to a valuable application -- the lightning rod, which when placed at the apex of a barn, church steeple, or other structure, conducts lightning bolts harmlessly into the ground†(PBS). Although technology is not a reality for everyone in the world, for instance, the Amish, it canRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lightning Thief743 Words   |  3 PagesThe Patterns of The Lightning Thief â€Å" ‘I’m supposed to go to the Underworld and confront the Lord of the Dead.’...’Find the most powerful weapon in the universe.’...’And get it back to Olympus before the summer solstice in ten days.’ â€Å" The Lightning Thief is a book in which Percy Jackson, the hero, and his friends Annabeth and Grover, must undertake a quest to reclaim Zeus’s master bolt from Hades. â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† is a pattern of stages that many heroes experience. Throughout Percy’s quest,Read MoreHernando And The Lightning Bolt1206 Words   |  5 PagesHernando and The Lightning Bolt In 300 B.C., there lived a man named Hernando in the village of Oakwood. As the general of hundreds and thousands of soldiers, he was a mighty warrior who conquered many adversaries. Together Hernando and his army have reclaimed their village of Oakwood, from the French, earning the honor of their people. One day, Hernando was looking for something to eat and his 15 year old daughter, Sophia, looked out of the window and said, â€Å"mommy looks irritated about somethingRead MoreThe Lightning Thief By Rick Riordan1593 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan is fiction, specifically fantasy, adventure, and humor. In the beginning of the story, Percy Jackson, a twelve-year-old boy, is taken to Camp Half-Blood, a safe haven for children of the Greek gods and goddesses like himself, and then, it is soon revealed that Percy is the forbidden son of the sea god, Poseidon. Later, the camp’s counselor and centaur, Chiron, explains to Percy that Zeus suspects that Pose idon had Percy steal his master bolt during the meetingRead MoreEssay Live With Lightning1240 Words   |  5 PagesLive With Lightning The main hero of the novel is looking for an answer to the question: â€Å"What is his place as a scientist in the world.† The book focuses on the historic period from the 30s till the end of the World War II. A common American post-student wants to become a scientist. He has nothing except his talent, courage, patience, persistence, and strong will to devote his life to physics. On obtaining his diploma and his appointment as an assistant and teacher in the University of ColumbiaRead MoreLightning Safety For Athletics And Recreation1678 Words   |  7 PagesPosition Statement Review Title of Position Statement: National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Lightning Safety for Athletics and Recreation Year of Position Statement: 2013 1. In your own words describe the objective of the position statement you have chosen. The objective of this position statement is to educate all those involved in athletics of lightning related sports injuries and to help them understand how to care for and prevent lightnen related injuries. 2. I realize

The Importance Of Ethical Business Is Not New - 1334 Words

The importance of ethical business is not new. Every long-term successful business has clearly understood the need for ethical business practices. There are lessons to be learned, both positive and negative, from businesses around the world. CEOs must work hard to find a balance between profits and public image by learning from history, understanding the evolution of business ethics, and understanding the social responsibility of businesses. CEOs in the business world today are in a precarious position. They are accountable to shareholders to keep profits high while avoiding any scandal or implication of shady dealings. CEOs are also accountable to stakeholders to ensure business practices are acceptable for all parties. Stakeholders are those that are required to keep an organization functioning, such as employees and customers. It is the responsibility of top leadership to ensure the success or failure of the organization is not solely judged by profit margins. Leadership must provide stakeholders with a road map for the organization. â€Å"Individual and organizational character is strengthened if the mission of an organization is clear, if workers have maximum opportunity for growth, and if the larger social conditions allow corporations to thrive without resorting to underhanded tactics†(Terris, 2005). If an organization puts employees and customers ahead of shareholders, the organization can be more s uccessful in the long run. Employees that feel wanted andShow MoreRelatedImportance of Ethics in International Business1541 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of Ethics in International Business Executive Summary Ethics in the business world is important and global. Ethics  indicate what is right and what is wrong in  business branches and also lead employees and stakeholders with moral values. Due to the globalization of markets and production processes, business people have to deal with ethical issues in cross-cultural settings at an increasing number. The purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of international business, emphasiseRead MoreThe Role Of Corporate Social Responsibility On Csr1666 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop and sustain differentiated brand names. The importance and eminence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) across the business world started to increase during 1998-2007. Role conflicts often arise when competing demands like business goals and social goals are in question. The increase in the sense of social responsibility,stakeholder pressures and concerns for the environment has heightened the focus of businesses on CSR. A business that fulfils its CSR sufficiently can expect an improvementRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics and Values in Business Sustainability1326 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Management Research Assignment (chapter 5 11) Q1: The importance of ethics and values in business sustainability: Ethics has to do with an individual’s judgment and their morals. Their ethics help us determine right from wrong. â€Å"Values are attitudes towards things like truths, justice, honesty etc.†( Nieuwenhuizen, Oosthuizen Drotskie 2012:95) Ethics and values are important within a business organisation because they influence morals and decisions within an organisation and need toRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Ethical Practices1503 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics and ethical practices have been focuses by many businesses in recent years. Business ethics can help the company to create and develop it workplace culture as well as to increase the productivity of employees. 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The assumption beingRead MoreEthical Climate in Organisation1646 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction In modern business environment it is imperative to have an ethical climate. Traditional commerce is fundamentally based upon performance and profit. With the ever changing workforce, it is imperative that organisations open themselves up to reorganisation, including the application of ethical and moral decision-making, and incorporating interest of ethics in the corporate structure. According to Victor and Cullen (1988 cited by Cohen 1993, p.343) organisational norms andRead MoreIntegrating Sustainable Business Practices to an Organization1567 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s world of business the role of leadership team has been to integrate sustainable business practices into the organisations and ethics are key agenda items (Smart et al., 2010).Businesses can be tempted to make short-term gains by turning a blind eye to ethics that will lead to the loss of reputation (Barman et al.,2010). 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Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (a Govt. of India Enterprise) Free Essays

string(47) " will be decided on their post training marks\." BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED (A GOVT. OF INDIA ENTERPRISE) OFFICE OF THE C. G. We will write a custom essay sample on Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (a Govt. of India Enterprise) or any similar topic only for you Order Now M. T. AMBALA ***** RECRUITMENT OF TELECOM TECHNICAL ASSISTANT (TTA) for Haryana Telecom Circle Applications are invited from the eligible candidates for recruitment of 156 number of Telecom Technical Assistants by Haryana Telecom Circle for its various 09(Nine) Secondary Switching Areas (SSAs) as per details given below:Category wise Vacancies Physical Handicapped SC OBC Loco Hearing Name of SSA Total Vacancies AMBALA 46 25 09 11 Nil 01 KARNAL 17 12 01 04 Nil Nil HISSAR 30 19 06 05 Nil Nil ROHTAK 20 11 04 05 Nil Nil FARIDABAD 05 04 Nil 01 Nil Nil JIND 06 04 01 Nil 01 Nil REWARI 09 04 02 03 Nil Nil GURGAON 12 08 Nil 04 Nil Nil SONEPAT 11 06 02 02 01 Nil Total 156 93 25 35 02 Address where application is to be submitted 01 OC AGM(Admn/HR)O/o GMTD Ambala AGM(Admn/HR)O/oSr. GMTD Karnal AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr. GMTD Hissar AGM(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Rohtak AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr. GMTD Faridabad AGM(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Jind AGM(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Rewari AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr. GMTD Gurgaon AGM(Admn/HR) O/o GMTD Sonepat Note:(1) 0% of the total vacancies will be reserved for Ex-servicemen. Candidates who have not been discharged prior to date of submission of application will not be treated as Ex-Serviceman and they should not apply under this category. (2) The number of vacancies is subject to change / revision. (3) There is no reservation for ST category in Haryana as per Central Government instructions. IDA Scale of Pay:- Telecom Technical Assistant shall be appoi nted in the IDA pay scale of Rs. 13600-25420 with annual increment @ 3% of basic pay + other allowances admissible as per Company rules. Jurisdiction: Normally selected candidates will be posted at the same SSA but under special circumstances they will be posted anywhere in Telecom Circle and anywhere in India under Territorial /Army Act 1948. Age limit:a) The applicant should be between 18 to 27 year of age as on last date of submission of application. b) However, this age is relaxable for following categories of applications: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) For Schedule castes upto 5 years. For OBC candidates upto 3 years. For PH candidates upto 10years( 15 years for SC and 13 years for OBC) For departmental candidates up to 40 years in respect of General candidates. p to 45 years in respect of SC candidates in accordance with the instructions or orde rs issued by the Central Government. up to 43 years in respect of OBC candidates. For Residents of JK :- Relaxation shall be in accordance with DoPT O. M No. 15012/7/1991 -Estt(D) dated 06-12-2005 pertaining to â€Å"Residents of State of Jammu and Kashmir(Relaxation of Upper Age limit for Recruitment to Central Civil Services Posts) Rules 1997†. (v) All Central / State Government /PSU Employees should send their applications through proper channel. Age relaxation for Ex-serviceman will be applicable as per Central Govt. Rules. The crucial date for determining the age limit shall be the closing date of applications (i. e ) 13. 05. 2013. Educational Qualification: – The Applicant must possess, as on the last date of Application, the educational qualifications in any of the following disciplines from a recognized Institute / University: (a) Three Years Engineering Diploma in :i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) Telecommunications Engineering Electronics Engineering Electrical Engineering Radio Engineering Computer Engineering Instrumentation/ Instrument Technology Information Technology (b) M. Sc(Electronics) from a recognized institution / University. Note:(a) (b) (c) Only such qualification and streams as prescribed above is allowed. There is no equivalence provided. Candidates possessing higher qualification in the eligible stream are allowed to appear in the examination. The candidate must have completed the requisite qualification by closing date of application i. e. their final results must have been declared before closing date of application and he/she should submit diploma / degree / provisional diploma / degree showing that he/she has completed the requisite qualification (alongwith total marks) by closing date of application. Appearing / those who have not passed all semester are not eligible. Results downloaded from Internet will not be accepted. Mode of Selection: By means of competitive examination to be held in accordance with syllabus and Programme as under. Exam will be held at SSA level and Merit list will be drawn by respective SSA. There shall be only One Paper of multiple choice objective type(OMR based) of three hours duration with the following details:- Part-I Part-II Part-III PART General Ability Test Basic Engineering Specialization MARKS 20 90 90 Day Time 30-06-2013 (Sunday) 10. 00 AM to 01. 00 PM Note:(I) No bonus marks will be awarded for any higher qualifications or sports qualifications. (II) Candidates will have option to appear in paper either in Hindi or English language. Medical Fitness:The selected candidates will be required to undergo a medical Test to ensure that they are physically fit and mentally alert to perform the duties expected of a TTA before sending them on TTA’s training. Period of Probation:- 2 years Concessions for SC Candidates:(a) Traveling Allowance to SC candidate: The applicants belonging to SC categories will be entitled to T. A as per provisions of Central Government. Filled up TA Form in the format attached. (b) Pre-recruitment training for SC Candidates:- Necessary Pre-Recruitment training for SC candidates will be conducted at CTTC Kurukshetra. Willing candidates may send their request alongwith application. Bond and Training:- All the candidates shall execute a bond in the form specified by the BSNL indicating their willingness to serve the BSNL for a period of Two years from the date of appointment as TTA. The selected candidates, before their appointment as TTA will have to successfully undergo prescribed training as per training plan laid down and amended by the BSNL from time to time. The appointment and posting will be subject to successful completion of training. During training period, the direct recruited TTAs will be entitled to a stipend of Rs. 4970/- plus IDA admissible thereon and allowances as amended by the BSNL from time to time. The seniority of the candidates will be decided on their post training marks. You read "Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (a Govt. of India Enterprise)" in category "Papers" Service Liability: Normally within the territorial jurisdiction of Secondary Switching Area (SSA) but transferable anywhere in Haryana. Candidates if required are also liable to serve in the Territorial Army / Signal Unit in accordance with rules made there under. Registration in Employment Exchange:There is no restriction of residence or essential condition of registration with the Employment Exchange in the particular SSA in which the applicant may apply. It would, however, be preferable if the applicant has registration in the employment exchange of the SSA concerned in which the applicant applies. Note:- Candidates need apply in only one SSA of his/her choice. Fee:- The Examination fee(Non-refundable) of Rs. 500/-(Rs. Five Hundred Only) is to be sent alongwith the application form in the shape of Crossed Indian Postal Order / Bank Draft drawn in the favour of Account Officer(Cash) O/o Sr. GMTD/GMTD (name of SSA) of the SSA concerned as the case may be. Payable at their Head Quarters and must be purchased / issued after the date of advertisement. Fee remitted by Money Orders, Cheques etc. will not be accepted. No examination fee is required to be paid in respect of SC /PH candidate. Syllabus: The syllabus is available on website www. haryana. bsnl. co. in How to apply:- Typed Application as per format duly filled in b y the candidate in his/her own handwriting should be sent to the AGM(Admn/HR) O/o Sr. GMTD /GMTD (name of SSA) of the SSA concerned for which the candidate wishes to apply at the address given above, latest by 13-05-2013. Three recent identical passport size photographs (duly attested by a Gazetted officer) out of which one is to be affixed in the space provided and another should be enclosed with the application. The en velope containing application should be super scribed in bold letters â€Å"Application for Direct Recruitment to the cadre of Telecom Technical Assistants† Two self addressed stamped envelopes size (23Ãâ€"11 cms) (affix a postal stamp of Rs. /- each) should also be enclosed with the application. Note :- 1) No application should be submitted to the office of Chief General Manager Telecom Haryana Circle,Ambala . All such applications are liable to be summarily rejected. (2) Please enclose only photocopies of all the certificates and detailed mark-sheets duly attested by the candidates himself/ herself as well as by a Gazetted Officer in support of age, qualification, caste etc. SC / OBC certificate should be as required for central govt. service. In OBC certificate it should be categorically mentioned that the candidate does not belong to creamy layer. The name in the SC/OBC certificate should perfectly match with that in the matric certificate other certificates of higher qualifications. The candidate should write his name in the same format as is mentioned in the matric other certificates. If the same is found to be different, the application will be rejected. For example if SURNAME is not mentioned in the matric certificate, the same should not be in the SC/OBC certificate etc. also should not be written in the application form. Married female candidates (wherever applicable) should submit SC/OBC certificate issued after their marriage according to the caste of their husband. APPLICATIONS RECEIVED AFTER THIS DATE WILL BE SUMMARILY REJECTED. Rejection : Application received without the required fees, without copies of attested certificates, in complete applications, drafts wrongly addressed, not having qualification strictly according to as given above application received after due date will be summarily rejected . Abbreviations:- OC = Other Caste ,SC = Scheduled Caste, OBC = Other Backward Classes ,PH = Physical Handicapped, Ex-SM = EX-servicemen. Chief General Manager Telecom Haryana Telecom Circle Ambala-133001 BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED [ A Government of India Enterprise ] APPLICATION FOR EXAMINATION FOR EXAMINATION -2012 IN HARYANA BSNL DIRECT RECRUITMENT OF TELECOM. TECHNICAL ASSISTANT (TTA) Important Notes: (i) Before filling this form, read detailed advertisement carefully. (ii) All entries should be made in capital letters. 1. Name of Recruitment Unit: (SSA) 2. Name (in capital letters) (for S. No. 2 3 please keep one box blank between first name, middle name last name) 3. Father’s/Husband’s Name (in capital letters) 4. Date of Birth DAY MONTH YEAR 5. Age as on the closing date of receipt of application 13-05-2013 YY 7. Gender [Male/Female] 8. Marital Status MM 9. 6. Whether claiming age relaxation? DD Write: Yes/No CATEGORY Nationality [Married/Unmarried] belongs to SC/ST/OBC/OC/PWD 10 Country By Birth or Domicile 11. Category (write, as applicable) Whether BSNL employee (Yes/No). If yes, mention HRMS No. Whether undergone apprentice training in BSNL successfully (Yes/No) If Physically Disabled (Attach Medical Certificate as in Annexure I) whether LOCOMOTIVE HEARING Impairment or Whether Govt. employee (Yes/No). Whether belongs to Exservicemen /JK – Please specify Percentage of disability 12. Address for correspondence (in capital letters) Name : Address: City: State: e-mail address: Mobile No. Please affix one recent passport size Photograph without attestation Pin Code : Tele. No(with STD Code) Signature of Candidate 13. Educational Qualification (Diploma in Engg. above). Name of Engg. University/Institute Diploma/Degree with Discipline As per the Advertisement whether eligible (Yes/No) Please affix one recent passport size Photograph without attestation 14. Permanent Address (in capital letters) Name Month Year of Passing : Father’s/Husband’s Name: Address : City : State : Pin Code: 15. Declaration to be given by OBC candidate only, eligible to avail reservation applicable to OBC: I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. on/daughter of Shri †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. resident of village/town/city†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Dis trict†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. State †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. hereby declare that I belong to the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. community which is recognized as a backward class by the Government of India for the purpose of reservation in services as per orders contained in Department of Personnel and Training Office Memorandum No. 36012/22/93-Estt. (SCT), dated 8. 9. 1993. It is also declared that I do not belong to persons/sections (Creamy Layer) mentioned in column 3 of the Schedule to the above referred Office Memorandum dated 8. 9. 1993 and amended vide OM No. 6033/3/2004-Estt. (Res. ) Dated 14. 10. 2008. DECLARATION TO BE SIGNED BY THE APPLICANT I do hereby declare that all the statements made in the application are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that in t he event of any particular information given above being found false or incorrect, my candidature for the post of Telecom Technical Assistant(TTA) is liable to be rejected or cancelled and in the event of any mis-statement or discrepancy in the particulars being detected after my appointment, my services are liable to be terminated forthwith without any notice to me. I also understand that if appointed, I would rank junior to any TTA who had been appointed earlier by the erstwhile DoT/DTS/DTO or BSNL or any other candidate who had already qualified in the TTA examination but not appointed as TTA by BSNL so far. Similarly, candidates of TTA examination held prior to my appointment will also rank en-bloc senior to me. Place: Date: (Signature of the Applicant) SCEHEME SYLLABUS FOR TTA DIRECT RECRUITMENT EXAMINATION The standard of paper in General ability test will be such as may be expected of an Engineering Diploma holder. The standard of papers in other subjects will be approximatel y be that of Diploma level of Indian Polytechnic. There shall be single multiple choice objective type Paper of 3 hours duration as per details given below:Paper Part-I :General ability test Part-II :Basic Engineering Part-III :Specialization Marks 20 90 90 Time allowed 3 hours Note:- Minimum qualifying marks for different category of candidates will be as follows: (a) Minimum qualifying marks in the paper will be 40% for the General Category(OC) and 33% for the candidates of SC/ST/OBC/PH categories. The Question paper shall comprise of these parts of 20,90 and 90 each, as prescribed in the scheme and Syllabus. There will be a single paper of 200 marks and each question shall carry one mark. (b) The minimum qualifying marks in each of the thre e parts of Question paper will be 30% for OC and 20% for candidates belonging to OBC/SC/ST categories i. e the minimum passing marks in each of the 3 parts in respect of OBC/SC/ST, it will be 6,27 and 27 respectively whereas in respect of OBC/SC/ST, it will be 4,18 and 18 respectively. c) Further relaxation of 2% in marks will be given to the physically Handicapped candidates in each category viz OC-PH,OBC-PH,SC-PH and ST-PH. (d) There will be negative marking for each wrong one , 25% of mark of that question shall be deducted. PART-I: GENERAL ABILITY TEST- 20 MARKS ` The candidate’s comprehension and understanding of General English shall be tested through simple exercise such as provision of antonyms and synonyms, fill in the blank s and multiple -choice exercises etc. This shall also include questions on current events, general knowledge and such matters of everyday observation and experience as may be expected of Diploma holder. PART -II: BASIC ENGINEERING- 90 MARKS Detailed Syllabus is as under: 1. Applied Mathematics: Co-ordinate Geometry; Vector Algebras, Matrix and Determinant ; Differential calculus ; Integral calculus, Differential equation of second order; Fourier Series; Laplace Transform; Complex Number; Partial Differentiation. 2. Applied Physics: Measurement-Units and Dimensions; Waves, Acoustics, Ultrasonic; Light; Laser and its Applications; Atomic Structure and Energy Levels. . Basic Electricity: Electrostatics, coulomb’s law, Electric field, Gauss’s theorem, concept of potential difference; concept of capacitance and capacitors; Ohm ‘s law, power energy, Kirchoff’s voltage and current laws and their applications in simple DC circuits; Basic Magnetism; Electro Magnetism; Electromagnetic induction; Concept of alternating voltage curren t; cells and Batteries ; Voltage and Current Sources; Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem and their applications. 4. Electronic Devices and Circuits: Classification of materials into conductor ,semi conductor, insulator etc. electrical properties, magnetic materials, various types of relays, switches and connectors. Conventional representation of electric and electronic circuit elements. Active and Passive components; semi conductors Physics; Semi Conductor Diode; Bipolar Transistor their circuits; Transistor Biasing Stabilization of operating point; Single stage transistor amplifier; field effect transistor, Mosfet circuit applications. Multistage Transistor Amplifier; Transistor Audio Power Amplifiers; Feedback in Amplifier; Sinusoidal Oscillators; tuned Voltage Amplifier; Opto Electronics Devices and their applications; Operational Amplifier; wave shaping and switching circuits. Block diagram of I. C timer(such as 555) and its working; Multivibrator circuits; Time base circuits; Thyristors and UJT; Regulated Power Supply. 5. Digital Techniques: Applications and advantages of digital systems; number system(binary and hexadecimal); Logic Gates; Logic Simplification; Codes and Parity; Arithmetic Circuits; Decoders. Display Devices and Associated Circuits; Multiplexers and De-multiplexers; Latches and Flip Flops; Counters; Shift Register; Memories; A/D and D/A converters. PART-III: SPECIALIZATION-90 MARKS Detailed Syllabus is as under: 1. Electrical: 3 phase vs single phase supply, Star Delta Connections, relation between phase line voltage, power factor and their measurements; construction and principles of working of various types of electrical measuring instruments, all types of motor and generator -AC DC transformers, starters, rectifiers, invertors, battery charges, batteries, servo and stepper motors, contactor control circuits, switch gear, relays, protection devices schemes, substation, protection relaying, circuit breaker, generator protection, transformer protection, feeder l ightening protection, feeder bus bar protection, lightening arrestor, earthing, voltage stabilizer regulators, power control devices circuits, phase controlled rectifiers, invertors, choppers, dual converters, cyclo converters; power electronics application in control of drivers, refrigeration air conditioning. 2. Communication: Modulation and demodulations-principles and operation of various types of AM, FM and PM modulators/demodulators; pulse modulation -TDM,PAM,PPM,PWM; Multiplexing, Principles and applications of PCM. Introduction of Basic block diagram of digital and data communication system; coding error detection and correction techniques; Digital Modulation Techniques -ASK,ICW,FSK,SK; Characteristics/working of data transmission circuits; UART,USART; Modems; Protocols and their functions, brief idea of ISDN interfaces, local area Network; Carrier telephony -Features of carrier telephone system. Microwave Engineering; Microwave Devices; Waveguides; Microwave Components; Microwave antennas; Microwave Communication System-Block diagram working principles of microwave communication link. 3. Network, Filters and Transmission Lines: Two point network, Attenuator; Filters; Transmission Lines and their applications; characteristic impedance of line; concept of reflection and standing waves on transmission line; Transmission line equation; Principle of impedance matching; Bandwidth consideration of transmission line. 4. Instruments and Measurements: Specification of instruments-accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range. Error in measurement and loading effect; Principles of voltage, current and resistance measurement; Transducers, measurement of displacement strain, force torque measuring devices, flow of measuring devices, power control devices circuits. Types of AC milli voltmeters-Amplifier rectifier amplifier: Block diagram explanation of a basic CRO and a triggered sweep oscilloscope, front panel controls; Impedance Bridges and Q-Meters. Principles of working and specification of logic probes, signal analyzer and logic analyzer, signal generator, distortion factor meter, spectrum analyzer. 5. Control Systems: Basic elements of control system , open and closed loop system, concepts of feedback. Block diagram of control system, Time lag, hysterisis linearity concepts; Self regulating and non self regulating control systems. Transfer function of simple control components, single feedback configuration. Time response of systems. Stability Analysis; Characteristics equation. Routh’s table, Nyquist Criterion, Relative stability, phase margin and gain margin. Routh Harwitz criterion; Root Locus technique, Bode plot, Po wer plot, gain margin and phase margin. 6. Microprocessors: Typical organization of microcomputer system and unctions of its various blocks, Architecture of a Microprocessor; Memories and I/O Interfacing; Brief idea of M/C assembly languages, Machines and Mnemonic codes; Instructions format and Addres sing mode; concept Instruction set; programming exercises in assembly language; concept of interrupt; Data transfer techniques-sync data transfer, async data transfer, interrupt driven data transfer, DMA, serial output data, serial input data. 7. Computer: Computers and its working, types of computers, familiarization with DOS and windowconcept of file, directory, folder, Number Systems; Data Communication. Programming-Elements of a high level programming language, PASCAL, C; use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture, Processor design, control unit design; Memory organization. I/O System Organization. Microprocessor-microprocessor architecture, instruction set and simple assembly level programming. Microprocessor based system design: typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses, data communication principles, types and working principles of modems, Network principles, OSI model, functions of data link layer and network layer, networking components; communication protocol-x. 25, TCP/IP. Database Management System-basic concepts, entity relationship model, relational model, DBMS based on relational model. Annexure-A NAME ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTE/HOSPITAL Certificate No†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DISABILITY CERTIFICATE Recent Photograph of the candidate showing the disability duly attested by the Chairperson of the Medical Board. This is certified that Shri/Smt/Kum†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ son/wife/daughter of Shri†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ age†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ identification marks(s) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ is suffering from permanent disability of following category: A. (i) Locomotors or cerebral palsy : BL – Both legs affected but not arms. ii) OL – One leg affected (right or left) (a) Impaired reach (b) Weakness of grip (c) Ataxic (iii) BH – Stiff back and hips (Cannot sit or stoop) (iv) MW – Muscular weakness and limited physical endurance. B. Blindness or Low Vision: (i) B : Blind (ii) PB: Partially Blind C. Hearing Impairment: (i) D – Deaf (ii) PD – Partially Deaf (Delete the category whichever is not applicable) 2. This condition is progressive/non-progressive/likely to improve/ not likely to improve. Re-assessment of this case is not recommended/ is recommended after a period of _______________ year’s ___________ months*. 3. Percentage of di sability in his/her case is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ percent. 4. Sh. /Smt. /Kum. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. eets the following physical requirements for discharge of his/her duties:(i) F-can perform work by manipulating with fingers. Yes/No (ii) PP-can perform work by pulling and pushing. Yes/No (iii) L-can perform work by lifting. Yes/No (iv) KC-can perform work by kneeling and crouching. Yes/No (v) B-can perform work by bending. Yes/No (vi) S-can perform work by sitting. Yes/No (vii) ST-can perform work by standing. Yes/No (viii) W-can perform work by walking. Yes/No (ix) SE-can perform work by seeing. Yes/No (x) H-can perform work by hearing/speaking. Yes/No (xi) RW-can perform work by reading and writing. Yes/No (Dr. ___________________) Member Medical Board (Dr. _____________________) (Dr. ___________________) Member Chairperson Medical Board Medical Board Countersigned by the Medical superintendent/CMO/Head of Hospital (with sea l) *Strike out which is not applicable. BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED [ A Government of India Enterprise ] Office of Sr. GMTD/GMTD___________ Form for reimbursement of Travelling Allowance in respect of SC candidates for attending written test exam for the post of Telecom Technical Assistant (TTA)-2012 at _______________________________________Centre. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Name of Applicant Roll Number Community (Attested photocopy of the certificate enclosed) Residential Address As given in Application form) Address from where journey has been performed Whether employed or not If employed, whether in Centre/State Govt. or Central /State Govt. Corporation, Public Sector Undertaking, Private Sector etc. : : : : : : : : : 8. Details of Journey and Rail/Bus fare etc. : Date of From To Mode of Class of Travel Journey Journey Bus/Rail Distance Travelled (one side) Ticket number Fare (In Rs. ) CERTIFIED THAT a) I am unemployed and as certificate of Unemployment issued by MP/MLA or a Gazette d Office of the place where I normally reside is enclosed. b) I have not claimed/will not claim T. A. for this journey from any other source. ) I have actually travelled by the shortest route and by the class/mode for which I have preferred the claim. d) I do hereby declare that all the statements made in the application are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. I understand that in the event of any particular information given above found fake or incorrect, necessary action as deemed fit may be taken by BSNL. Dated: Signature of Applicant Note: 1. Candidate will have to submit original ticket for inward journey. The payment will be made by BSNL through cheque. For use of BSNL Verified by Admissible Amount Rs. ______________________ (Signature Designated Officer of BSNL) Signature of DDO How to cite Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (a Govt. of India Enterprise), Papers

Event Management Impact on the Stakeholders Engagement

Question: Demonstrate basic knowledge of the events industry, concepts, ideologies, and events terminology;Explain the influential factors that can have an impact on the events planning process;Use events management and business management models, principles andpractices to help map the events planning process;Evaluate data and information found from differentExplore the different issues an events organisation could have whilst using statistical methods and techniques to formulate a solution; Answer: Introduction: The aim of the report is to develop a strategic plan for an event. Charity events are organized by major profitable and non-profitable organizations. General motive behind the concept of fundraising and charitable events is to raise income and raise awareness of a particular message or area of work. For the success of any kind of event, it is important to set the goal and objectives of the event and plan the strategies accordingly. The paper attempts to plan a strategy that would help to fulfill the objectives of the event. In order to achieve it, a detail analysis of the target people will be analyzed. Event plans and techniques along with a proper communication method will be proposed. Apart from these, the expected risks will also be analyzed and certain recommendations will also be made to minimize the risk of the success of the event. Theme of the event: Theme of the event is a Breakfast briefing fundraising and awareness event. The objective of the event is to create awareness among the invitees about the degrading condition of environment. The event will also aim at raising fund for the purpose of increasing the awareness on the importance of sustainability in the recent environmental condition. The invitees of the event are local people residing in East London. About 150 guests will be invited for the event. Basically nuclear families having children between the age 6 to 16 years of age are the targeted invitees (Abdullah et al. 2014). However, the event is open to all and any one might join the event with prior registration. The event is expected to take place on a weekend, so that both parents and children would not have to compromise with would regular schedule and so not face any difficultly to participate. Timing of the event will be from 9 am to 12 pm. In order to make the event a bit interesting, there will be arrangement food and beverages. This provision will be for the purpose of breakfast and not any kind of meal. In addition to this, the children will be asked to participate in various activities such as dance drama or debates on the present situation of the condition of environment. At the later stage of the event, the host of the event will present a power point presentation. It will narrate the degrading situation of the environment and would propose ideas on how an individual can participate in the sustainability process to save the environment for future. The guests will be offered food and beverages by the end of the event and they will be requested to make donation for the cause before leaving the venue. Venue of the event: The venue selected for the purpose of the event is Blackwell Hall in Harrow, London. It is a perfect venue for small gathering. The Hall has a gathering capacity of around 150 people that is suitable for the proposed event. The Hall also has the provision of 16 gopak chairs, rectangular folding tables and other plastic stacking chairs. The Hall also has a stage that can be helpful for delivering speech or addressing the invitees. Moreover, there is also a projection that would be useful for delivering any presentation. The kitchen of the Hall is promising enough to serve the basic needs of the event. It has the provision of electric warming cabinet, microwave and freezer. Therefore, it can be said that the Blackwell Hall is a perfect venue for the proposed event (Netmums. 2016). List of stakeholders: Stakeholders are the people who will be the part of the event. The stakeholders of this particular event are: The invitees: Parents and their children and anyone who want to join the event are the invitees of the event. Social activists and environment conscious group of people will also be the targeted invitees for the event. Special guests: Since, the event is based on social issues, any representative of the local authority or political head might be invited. The person will be asked to present his view on the situation and what step might a local authority would take to improve this detrimental environmental condition. Technical helpers: This group stakeholders include the caterer, decorators, electrician and other technical experts who will be responsible for the complete arrangement of the event (Cserhti and Szab 2014). Team members: Members of the team, including the event planner, even manger, event coordinator and other helping members of the team are also the stakeholders of the event. Analysis of the target market: The neighborhood or the selected location for the event is East London. 36% of the total population of London resides in East London. It is one of the most populated regions of England and has a good population of immigrants as well. The people belong to different religions and communities. There are many ethnic groups of people as well. Population of the locality includes White British, Irish British and Asians like Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. Since the target of invitees is small family members and social activists, there is a good scope of the presence of this group of people from this particular locality (gov.uk 2016). Promotional need of the event Targeted people can be reached out with the idea and theme of the event. Handbills and pamphlets can be distributed. Hoardings can be put in the nearby areas to attract more attendees to the event. There would not be any kind of digital promotion such as television commercial. The main promotional activities will be focused on outdoor media. However, the social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter can be used to reach people because of the increasing influence of this media (Brown 2014). Budget of the event: The event is regarding social awareness. Therefore, the budget of the event will not be very high. The proposed budget of the event can be given here: Event Budget for Fundraising Program (Amount in ) Site Expenses Estimated Actual Staffs 200 160 Accommodation Fees 300 250 Equipments 250 150 Total 750 560 Publicity Expenses Estimated Actual Advertisements 500 550 Invitation 200 250 Total 700 870 Decorations Expenses Estimated Actual Candles 50 52 Lighting 150 153 Paper decoration 40 35 Flowers 70 75 Total 310 315 Refreshment Expenses Estimated Actual Food 550 610 Beverages 400 460 Catering Staffs 300 320 Total 1,250 1,390 Miscellaneous Expenses Estimated Actual Stationery 50 52 Transportation Cost 35 38 Telephone and Fax 15 12 Total 100 102 Estimated Actual Total expense 3,110 3,237 Event planning tools and techniques: There are certain event planning tools and techniques that are important in planning a event. The success of the event actually depends on the proper utilization of these tools and techniques. The plan and technique of the event can be discussed in three stages: Planning: It is vitally important to make a mind map of the event before commencing. The goal and objective of the event has already been explained (Stewart and Rayner 2016). Booking the venue: In order to book the event on the proposed date, it is expected that the management of the event will visit the governing body of the venue and make the booking. It completely depends on the availability of the venue that the event can be hosted (Bowdin et al. 2012). Inviting the guests: A pamphlet can be printed and the same can be distributed among the expected invitees. The local schools can be targeted to reach to the desired group of people who are expected to join the event. Apart from directly reaching to them, posters can be posted informing people about the purpose of the event. The expected invitees will be asked to register their names by calling on a particular number. Once the registration is done, they will be counted as an attendee (Allen et al. 2012). The process of invitation is based on first come first serve basis. Once the number of registration reaches the count of 150, the registration will be stopped. To invite the special guest for the event, an invitation card can be sent to the office of the government authority. Food and other services: There will be sitting arrangement for the guests and there will be the arrangement of food and beverages by the end of the event. The food items might include cakes, pastries, sandwiches, soup and other things that are perfect for the breakfast purpose. Executing the plan: Once the event is planned and it is scheduled, executing the event is the main operation of the management of the team. For the execution of the event, primary thing is to keep eye on the invitees. They must be comfortable and served with every necessity. Special guest who would be invited as a representative of the local authority must be given special attention (Kim 2015). Children who will be willing to participate in the event will be asked to come prepared with a basic script of their performance. When it will be the right time, they would be called one by one and would be asked to perform on the stage. The event will long for about four hours. The schedule of the event can be stated here: 9 am to 9:30 am: The participant will be welcomed and they would be requested to take their seat to witness the event 9:30 am to11 am: The event will be carried on. At first the children will be asked to present their performance. Their performance might include dance drama, poetry, speech or even debates. The parents and the elder attendees will also be requested to join the initiative and put forward their views on the topic of concern. Once these things will be done, it will be from the side of the management that a member will give a presentation on the initiative taken for the event. Once when everything is done, the special guest will be called to present a speech from his end regarding the issue. 11 am to 12 pm: This is the time when the attendees will have their food. This is the opportunity of the people to come across each other and talk about the issue. There will be drop box where the guests will be requested to donate certain amount for the purpose. The amount of donation completely depends on their will. They can donate the amount in cash or they can even drop a cheque in the name of the organization depending on their feasibility. Tracking: The last stage of the event is to track the success of the event. The success can be tracked by the amount of money collected by the end of the event. Apart from that, feedbacks can be taken from the guests to keep a track of the success of the event (Stewart and Rayner 2016). Management and operation plan: The success of the management and the operation of the event can be measured in terms of certain factors. Maintaining these factors are indeed necessary for a successful event. these factors are: Vision the situation: The purpose and the aim of the event must be clear before the commencement of the event. It is based on the ability to vision the situation that marks the success of an event (Kaplanidou et al. 2013). It is advisable to mark each and every stage of the event step by step and develop a clear understanding of what needs to be done. Make a mind map of the event: The map of the event should be clear. All the necessary arrangements and equipment should be present before the commencement of the program that the event must precede smoothly without any hindrance (Yu, Wang and Seo 2012). Therefore, it is expected that the arrangement of accommodation, food and other arrangements are kept under observation so that there might not arise any situation of the failure of the event. Dividing duties and responsibilities: Each and every team member must be assigned with their respective duties. Some of the important responsibilities include: Welcoming the guests Scheduling the program Taking care of the basic needs of the guests in case if they want any kind of information Taking care of the feast by the end of the event Taking care of the actual theme of the event, raising the fund Building a team: All the members of the management of the team must work as a team. The bonding and cooperation among the members must be good. Conducting an event requires this bonding. Every single individual must have the willingness of providing a helping hand whenever required. The roles and responsibility might be divided among the various members but everyone should be present at every point of time whenever necessity arises. Thorough communication: Communication plays the major role in the success of an event. Each and every team member must be thoroughly communicated using various medium such as phone calls, text messages and even face to face communication (Schulenkorf and Edwards 2012). Communication plan: Communication plan of an event should be made keeping the importance of both internal and external communication in mind. Internal communication is done with the member of the management team, whereas external communication is carried on with the stakeholders of the event. Communication plan of an event is broadly divided into three stages: Pre-event communication: The requirements of the event have to be fulfilled before the commencement of the event. In order to achieve this target, communicating with the stakeholders is very important. Various methods of communication can be used for successfully achieving the target. These methods are: Face to face meetings: The best means of communication method is by conducting a meeting with the stakeholders. It is important to discuss and narrate the detail of the plan to the stakeholders about the event for which meetings are the best option. Depending on the feasibility of each stakeholder, meetings can be fixed and the needs and requirements can be discussed in details (Melo et al. 2013). Over phone calls and text messages: Communication can be done with the members and the stakeholder over phone calls and text messages. Creating a Facebook or Twitter page: Communication and reaching out to a large number of people has become easier with the advent of the social media platform. A page can be created and people can be informed about the event using this platform (Fotiadis and Stylos 2016). Communication during the event: It is required to make all the important communication in the pre-event phase but communicating during the event is equally important. During the event, communication takes place with the members of the management team and is focused on the success and smooth running of the event. Therefore, communicating with the members and the attendees of the event is taken care of in this phase of communication (Kobayashi and Honiden 2012). Communication after the event: After the event, the two important things that needs to be checked are tallying the account with the stakeholders and feedback from the attendees. All kinds of payment and other accounts are required to verified and payments are made after the event (Deng, Poon and Chan 2016). It is also important to take feedback from the attendees of the event to understand the success or the failure of the event and whether the objective of the event has been achieved. Risk management plan: There lie the possibilities of certain risks that might hamper the feasibility of the event. These risks include: Governance risks due to inappropriate team management. The members might lack the relevant skill required for the service. There might arise certain conflict of interest among the members of the management team (Della Lucia 2013) Operational risk due to lack of safety and security of the assets Financial risk due to insufficient fund Other external risks because the event might put a negative impression on the local people if the purpose of the event is not clear to them. Legal risks if the event does not comply with the laws and regulation of the country (Getz and Page 2016) In order combat with these risk factors, certain important steps can be taken. These are: According to UK governmental law, there are certain specified ways of fund raising. These rules needs to be followed at the time of the event: Door-to-door or public collection fundraising Using gaming and lotteries methods By organizing fair or events (uk, 2016) Since the idea of fund raising is by the means of an event, the risk of legal obligations no longer persists. To reduce the operational risk, the members of the management team can be trained and informed about their jobs and responsibilities (Abdullah et al. 2014). Moreover, a detail account of the assets and the equipment has to be kept to avoid any kind of mishandling of the assets. To avoid financial risk, a strict check on the proposed budget has to be kept and any kind of extra expenses has to be avoided. Accounts of all the expenses must be kept to keep check of the balance sheet for the event. In order to overcome with the external risks it is important to narrate the idea and the theme of the event to the local community members. It is also advisable to take prior permission from the local governmental authority to avoid any kind of legal issues (Andersson and Lundberg 2013). End note: People of England greatly support any kind of activity related to social cause. The degrading condition of environment and the importance of sustainability have been the primary factors of concern for the majority of people. Therefore, it can be said that the chance of the success of the event is high. Moreover, the idea of inviting children to the event and their participation can attract more number of invitees. After knowing the cause behind the event, it is expected that the invitees would participate in the noble cause and would donate for raising the fund. Each invitee would be requested to donate at least 50 or more. The objective of the event can be easily fulfilled. Reference list: Abdullah, N.H., Hassan, H., Ali, M.H. and Karim, M.S.A., 2014. Cultural values (power distance) impact on the stakeholders engagement in organizing the Monsoon Cup International Sailing Event.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,144, pp.118-126. Allen, J., O'toole, W., Harris, R. and McDonnell, I., 2012.Festival and Special Event Management, Google eBook. John Wiley Sons. Andersson, T.D. and Lundberg, E., 2013. Commensurability and sustainability: Triple impact assessments of a event.Event Management,37, pp.99-109. Bowdin, G., Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I. and O'Toole, W., 2012.Events Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Brown, S., 2014. Emerging Professionalism in the Event Industry: A Practitioner's Perspective.Event Management,18(1), pp.15-24. Coombs, W.T., 2014.Ongoing communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. Cserhti, G. and Szab, L., 2014. The relationship between success criteria and success factors in organisational event projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.613-624. Della Lucia, M., 2013. Economic performance measurement systems for event planning and investment decision making.Tourism Management,34, pp.91-100. Deng, Y., Poon, S.W. and Chan, E.H.W., 2016. Planning mega-event built legaciesA case of Expo 2010.Habitat International,53, pp.163-177. Fotiadis, A.K. and Stylos, N., 2016. The effects of online social networking on retail consumer dynamics in the attractions industry: The case of E-datheme park, Taiwan.Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016.Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events. Routledge. gov.uk, 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/509704/cc26_lowink.pdf [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Kaplanidou, K.K., Karadakis, K., Gibson, H., Thapa, B., Walker, M., Geldenhuys, S. and Coetzee, W., 2013. Quality of life, event impacts, and mega-event support among South African residents before and after the 2010 FIFA world cup.Journal of Travel Research,52(5), pp.631-645. Kim, J.Y., 2015. Remarks at MENA Stakeholders Event, Lima, Peru, October 10, 2015. Kobayashi, T. and Honiden, S., 2012. Towards Refinement Strategy Planning for Event-B. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Melo, C.D.O., Cruzes, D.S., Kon, F. and Conradi, R., 2013. Interpretative case studies on agile team productivity and management.Information and Software Technology,55(2), pp.412-427. Netmums. 2016.Blackwell Hall Harrow. [online] Available at:https://www.netmums.com/harrow/local/view/parties/halls/blackwell-hall-1[Accessed 11 Aug. 2016]. Schulenkorf, N. and Edwards, D., 2012. Maximizing positive social impacts: Strategies for sustaining and leveraging the benefits of intercommunityevents in divided societies.Journal of Event Management,26(5), pp.379-390. Stewart, A. and Rayner, S., 2016. Planning mega-event legacies: uncomfortable knowledge for host cities.Planning Perspectives,31(2), pp.157-179. Yu, L., Wang, C. and Seo, J., 2012. Mega event and destination brand: 2010 Shanghai Expo.International Journal of Event and Festival Management,3(1), pp.46-65.

To Room Nineteen free essay sample

Reading the fifth chapter of Yi-Fu Tuan’s  Space and Place  alongside â€Å"To Room Nineteen† helps us to understand the counterintuitive notions of space and freedom Lessing describes in her story. In this way, Tuan’s insight helps us recognize Susan’s fear of responsibility and desire for freedom as they relate to the places in her life. From the outside, it seems as though Susan lives the ideal life with a big house and a beautiful garden for her children and loving husband. However, as the story progresses, we see that Susan becomes more and more â€Å"reluctant to enter her big beautiful home† (Lessing 530). This same attractive, picture-perfect house begins to push Susan away, for in it are the many responsibilities that come with adult-life and motherhood. The more these responsibilities weighed down on Susan, the more it felt â€Å"as if something was waiting for her there she did not wish to confront† (530). We will write a custom essay sample on To Room Nineteen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This seems strange because, typically, â€Å"spaciousness is closely associated with [freedom]† as Tuan explains in  Space and Place  (52). By this logic, one would think that Susan would feel plenty free in her big home with the spacious, lush garden to wander through. However, although â€Å"freedom implies space,† space does not always imply freedom (52). What Susan truly needed was space from her family, and freedom from her responsibilities. This becomes evident when Susan takes her vacation to the mountains in Wales. Physically, she had all the space in the world, from huge mountains to tall skies and deep valleys. But with her family calling her multiple times a day, Susan felt like â€Å"the telephone wire [was] holding her to her duty like a leash† (Lessing 538). Tuan explains this phenomenon by stating that â€Å"solitude is broken not so much by the number of organisms in nature as by the sense of busy-ness—including busy-ness of the mind† (61). This is exactly what Susan felt, for although she was alone physically, her family weighed down on her mind constantly, ruining her sense of solitude. Though they tried to be helpful and supportive, Susan’s family couldn’t understand this critical concept. Had they been able to go a few days without calling her or without Mrs. Parkes nagging her with household business, perhaps Susan’s vacation would have appeased her craving for solitude. Alas, the opportunity was spoiled and Susan returned to her home feeling more exhausted than when she had left. For all of these reasons, Susan felt it necessary to seek out Room 19 in Fred’s Hotel. This was Susan’s escape, not because it was a vast, open land like the mountains were, but because no one knew she was there. It didn’t even matter that â€Å"the room was hideous† because â€Å"she was free† (Lessing 541). The room she was shown was small and dingy, with only one small window and cheap looking sheets on the sole bed that was there. All Susan needed was to be â€Å"alone and with no one knowing where [she was]† (Lessing 537). In this way Susan’s relationship with the dreary motel room allows us to understand the counterintuitive notion of freedom as relating to space. This was the only place she could get away from herself and be free. Here, â€Å"she was no longer Susan Rawlings†¦ she had no past, no future† and it had nothing to do at all with physical space (542). Instead, it was the cramped little motel room that gave Susan her freedom, giving us insight as to why she searched out Room 19. We also saw something interesting in the scene where Susan meets Mrs. Townsend. The presence of just one other person ruined Susan’s entire attempt at solitude. Here, we can compare Susan to the pianist Tuan discusses on page fifty-nine of his book. He explains that for a shy pianist practicing alone in a room, the presence of just one person shatters his world and forces him to stop his work immediately. Like the pianist, Susan’s solitude was obviously tarnished by the presence of others. Tuan touches on this idea as well when he says that â€Å"the company of human beings—even [one] other person—has the effect of curtailing space† (59). He explains that when we are alone, we can allow our thoughts to â€Å"wander freely over space,† but that â€Å"in the presence of others, [our thoughts] are pulled back by an awareness of other personalities who project their own world onto the same area† (59). Another crucial aspect of Susan’s solitude wasn’t just that no one was around, but that no one knew where she was. Tuan explains why Susan’s solitude is tarnished even with someone’s mere knowledge of her location, saying that â€Å"crowding is an awareness that one is observed† (60). Once Susan felt that her husband was keeping a close eye on her, the feeling she got from the room â€Å"was not the same, [for] her husband had searched her out† (544). Her husband’s suspicions were completely understandable, but at the same time, had he respected Susan’s need to be away, perhaps her hunger for solitude would have remained sated by the little motel room she had found. It also becomes clear throughout the story that Susan desperately needed to escape her household responsibilities in addition to her family. Between hiring a fulltime  au pair  girl and running off to London for the hotel, it is clear that Susan had no interest in being with her family at home. Even when she was home for supper, all she could think about was how desperate she was to be alone again. The association she made between her responsibilities and her house drove her away to be in Room 19 where she was completely alone and hidden from the outside world. There, she could let go of her life completely for the duration of the day and go back to pretending to love her home life at night. By understanding Susan’s relationships to her spaces, we can understand her need to escape the life she built for herself. Her detachment to her beautiful home signifies the way she let go of the perfect life she created with her family while her need for Room 19 highlights how much she wished to be completely alone. Once her husband found her out, the solitude that Susan had searched for so desperately was tarnished. After this, Susan felt cornered into escaping life altogether. No amount of space could satisfy her, because now it seemed that her family would find her even in the smallest and most hidden of places. The only way Susan could leave her life behind completely was by taking it herself, and she finds this permanent escape in Room 19, the only place that allowed her to be completely free.

Freedom Through Christianity Essays - African Slave Trade

Freedom Through Christianity Essays - African Slave Trade Freedom through Christianity What do people look for in religion? Do they look for guidance, beliefs, reason, or do they look for help? African-Americans have looked for all of these for many years. They found all of these in Christianity. Christians believe in one God who they worship, trust, and look up to. Since Christianity was first intorduced in the early Colonial Period, African-Americans have used their Christian beliefs to fight horrible things that have gone on in America such as slavery and segregation. As African-Americans were captured through the slave trade and brought to the colonies they possessed many different religious beliefs. Many people are extremely ignorant in history and believe that all African-Americans were once united together as a whole in Africa. This was not nearly the case. Africa was made up of many different states with many different people and with many different beliefs. These people were dark skinned, but aren't all white people light skinned. The white man has never agreed on one main language. As the African-Americans were brought to the colonies from Africa, they used Christianity to help bring them together. Some people use song and dance to express their Christian beliefs. This was all started by the slaves. African-American slaves used songs, dances, and often stories to show their feelings about God. These stories were called trickster stories. As African-American slaves became more involved in the Christian faith it gave them something to live and fight for. Instead of doing labor for their white owners, they did their work for themselves and most importantly, they did it for God. Slaves were treated as animals. They were forced to work in the fields, in the house, or on the farms for free. They were beaten, deprived of food and clothing, and even raped. If slaves tried to run away they were captured and beaten. Being beaten meant being stripped of their clothes and whipped severely with a leather strap. Some were whipped up to 300 times. As time passed, African-Americans were beginning to speak English. This helped significantly. Now they could preach and spread their beliefs. As Christianity spread through the country, slaves were beginning to worship the Lord out loud. They began to build churches and have marriages. Having Christian marriages provided a family for the slaves and this gave them a sense of brotherhood. The white man degraded the slaves so much that many had an extremely how self-esteem. Many slaves felt that their duty in life was to be the white man's slave. However, Christianity showed them that they were equal to everyone and this often raised the slaves self-esteem. Through churches and marriages the African-Americans were now creating a community for themselves. Slavery ended and blacks were finally free to some extent. Although they were now free, they would still remain under the white man's foot. This was a huge step for the African-Americans though. I believe that Christianity had a lot to do with the ending of slavery. The blacks already knew that slavery was wrong, and finally enough whites realized, through God that this was wrong and immoral. However, there will still be many whites who are ignorant in the preachings of God and still treat the blacks as though they are slaves. African-Americans will keep their heads high and fight for their freedom through the strength of God. Even though African-Americans were no longer slaves, they still do not have the freedom that everyone in America deserved. Slavery was now gone, but the main issue became segregation. Blacks still did not received the same rights as the whites did. They could not attend the same schools, use white bathroom facilities, eat in the same restaurants, ride on the front of buses, or even drink fro the same water fountains. This went against everything that God said and the blacks knew that. They knew that God created everyone equal and their are some African-Americans who will fight for this. Most blacks were scared to come public and fight for their rights. There was still a lof of violence and hostility toward blacks at this time. Blacks were being hung, beaten, and brutally murdered. This put a lot of fear into the eyes of African-Americans. Some tried

Week 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 4 - Assignment Example The simulator is best controlled by a good quality joystick (777 Studios, 2013). While one is using the combat flight simulator, he/she is presented with beautiful sceneries that have been well designed using the modern graphics. The scene simulates different environmental conditions including snow like conditions and rainfall simulation. One among the best features of the game is its ability to be adjusted extensively to accommodate a learning flyer. These include such things as enabling autopilot, not running out of fuel, and not running out of ammunition. The game is equipped with a variety of planes for the user to choose from. Furthermore, the game has been designed to support multiplayer community. And this enables the user to play against or with his/her colleagues. Lastly the planes in the game have been equipped with realistic features that simulates extreme and exact real world scenarios. Despite the above stated advantageous features of the combat simulator, there are several disadvantages associated with the game. Firstly, learning to play the game is hard. The game has got deep learning curve thus it discourages users. Also, the game is highly dependent on modern graphics that has enough memory, this implies some of the features of the game can’t be enjoyed on PC’s that have less graphics memory. For a software developer, there are various standards that he/she must work within. First, any software developer must work consistently with the interest of the public. Secondly, the work of any software engineer must be to the best interest of his/her employers and clients. The engineer while undertaking his task must make efforts to ensure all his products present the highest quality standard possible. Also, when carrying out judgement, engineers must ensure they are not biased in their judgement. The decision must be independent and maintain integrity. Lastly, the engineer must be supportive and show fairness to his/her workmates. The

Food and Drug Association Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food and Drug Association - Assignment Example Restriction on the extensive use of the tobacco products, nutritional appendages, preparation and over-the-counter medications, vaccines, and different kinds of biopharmaceuticals products. In common words, one can define FDA as a â€Å"scientific, regulatory, and public health agency† (Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 2013). The agency grew from a single chemist in the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1862 to a staff of approximately 9,100 employees by 2001. The history of FDA is also an eventful one. It was initially known as Division of Chemistry and later on, after 1901 it was started to know as Bureau of Chemistry. The organization started to enjoy the power of regulating the operation of various companies after the implementation of Federal Food and Drugs Act by the US government in the year of 1906. The name was changed to the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration in July 1927 and from 1930 onwards the present name was incorporated (Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 2013). The act of 1906 was replaced in the year of 1936 in the USA when Tennessee Drug Company brings together and marketed a form of the new sulfa wonder drug, Elixir Sulfanilamide- which was a medicine for pediatric patients. The product was launched in the US market untested and the result was horrible. The solvent of this medi cine was highly toxic in nature which was the main reason behind the death of over 100 people in the country. Most of them were children. To control the anger of the people and at the same time make the food and drug products more secured the US government under the leadership of President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act on 1938. This made the functioning of all different companies more systematic and there was more rigorous monitoring in place in terms of the standard and quality of the finished goods, the process associated with the production, quality, and standard of raw materials used etc.  

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Personal statement - Essay Example I for my part was very interested in the area, so I enjoyed those times very much. The break in studies was mainly intended to find my strength and weaknesses and thereby, identify the field that best suited my aptitude. I had always wanted to work before going in for higher studies. The break has indeed been the most defining time of my life. The experiences in various areas of human interaction have significantly influenced my perspective towards issues and factors which were hitherto considered of low merit. In 2003, I first worked with Ymed Sysems Inc. which market medical equipment and provide medical services. Working with the company made me realize that being professional and being a salesman are two different things. To advance in life, I needed to acquire more knowledge. Though I started reading books on different areas of business, I realized that higher degree would equip me with better knowledge. After two years’ working with the company, I finally knew that economics is the field for me. I am interested in knowing how and what makes business succeed in the highly competitive global environment. Though I had made tentative decisions about my future, I enrolled for military service. The next two years in military had further strengthened my belief that America is the place to realize one’s dream. I knew that America is a land of opportunities and pursuing higher education from prestigious academia like this education would greatly facilitate in realizing my dreams of becoming a successful professional in the field business management. Since 2008, I have been studying in America. I have been attending English, economics, accounting, and mathematics classes, which will become the cornerstone for more profound study in Santa Barbara City College. The classroom sessions have taught me how theories are applied in real life situations. The two years in

Relationship Between Mind And Body

Relationship Between Mind And Body The relationship between the mind and body has been a preoccupation among philosophers since the Greek antiquity, with famous writers such as 5th Century philosopher Plato, and his student Aristotle. Ideas concerning the mind and body originate as far back as Platos and Aristotles time, whereby they questioned whether or not intelligence is connected with the body. In the 16th Century, Michel de Montaigne treated the same question again, and it was then continued in the 17th Century but by Renà © Descartes and Blaise Pascal. Their point of view is diverse and the conclusion that they reach upon at times is somewhat in a way satisfying to each other or plain rejects. Before embarking on the essay, a brief explanation on their works will be examined. Michel de Montaigne was one of the most influential yet sceptical writers of the 16th Century, especially with his Essais being a compilation of various short topics describing man and human nature. His essays had direct influence on other classical thinkers such as Renà © Descartes and Blaise Pascal. Blaise Pascal was not only an influential French philosopher, but he was also a French mathematician and physicist. His unfinished most famous work in philosophy, Pensà ©es, is a series of philosophical sections and essays, whereby Pascal identifies and explores the contradictions of human nature with regards to psychology and sociology. Pascal used his personal thoughts and opinions concerning human suffering and religious beliefs to write this philosophy towards the close of his life. French philosopher, but also a mathematician and scientist Renà © Descartes, had published two well known philosophical works in history called Discours de la Mà ©thode and Mà ©ditations Mà ©taphysiques. Descartes main goal was to present us with a series of thoughts that he took into consideration, in order to shed light on his views on God and the existence. Rà ©ne Descartes was, by nature a dualist. In fact, he created the notion of Cartesian dualism and was the first person to clearly classify the mind with consciousness and to differentiate this from the brain, which held intelligence. Cartesian dualism viewed that ones intelligence cannot be touched and is non-physical. He was the first to create the mind and body problem, an issue which tried to question how the mind and body can interact, especially if the mind is based solely on thought and the body is purely an addition. This was the basic breadth of the mind-body debate which began during the times of Plato and Aristotle and extended long past Descartess death. Aristotle believed mind was connected to the soul. The mind is the soulss object, which becomes active only when it thinks. The soul, which is also known as the intellect, does not work unless it is thinking. Therefore, it is unlikely that it would be mixed with the body. Aristotle was therefore a thinker who was more concerned with the metaphysical concepts. Platos thought was more based on concrete principles of the natural world. While Aristotle described the levels of reality, Plato focused on subjects such as how one could be of a righteous character, and therefore a better person within themselves. Cartesian dualism permits both these theories to work together in order to be recognised as one. Descartes, like Montaigne and Pascal to some extent, were philosophers who all had different ways of going about their works. Descartes used more indirect means of philosophising. Meanwhile, Pascal would have been purposely direct and informative, as a mathematician who drew on his knowledge of the sciences in order to develop his conclusions. On the other hand, Montaigne studied himself with subjects such as religion, philosophy, humanism as he believed this was crucial in order to describe human nature. These three Frenchmen contrasted with their views regarding the mind and the body. While Descartes thought that the mind was separate from the body, Montaigne along with Pascal definitely would have argued that the mind was part of the physical body. Obviously, there are good arguments for and against these two very different views, which will be explained. Montaigne preferred to make his opinions clear by providing facts in order to attempt to uncover the truth, providing the readers a chance to analyse his thoughts personally. His aim was to describe man and human nature by using memory as a description to address his topic. This is what he did to highlight his view on the mind and body. He argued that the development of the mind is connected to the body and expressed how he believed the imagination is the drive for the downfall of the body. His philosophy regarding these two substances is one of which explains his view that a healthy mind comes from the studies of other great writers. Lame que loge la philosophie doit, par sa santà ©, render sain encores le corps. (Montaigne: 208: 1969) He argues that anyone who is taught by the philosophy of past great writers will have the perfect body, as he believes thinking for oneself is truly unhealthy for the body and mind. Therefore, according to him there is only one type of education whic h should be used, based purely on thoughts of the past to achieve both a healthy body and mind. In order to transform a child to becoming a well formed healthy man, there should be a connection between the mind and body. Throughout De Linstitution des enfants Montaigne proves his opinions for training both body and mind and therefore the tutor is responsible for this training as ce nest pas assez de luy roidir lame; il luy faut ausi roidir les muscles. (Montaigne: 201: 1969) When training the body, two advantages appear. Firstly, the mind is able to relax and secondly the body is able to build itself for the prevention of illnesses. Therefore, the mind cannot work unless the body has been trained. Furthermore, tout lieu retirà © requiert un proumenoir. Mes pensees dorment, si je les assis. Mon esprit ne va pas seul, comme si les jambes lagitent. Ceux qui estudient sans livre, en sont tous là  . (Montaigne: 76: 1993) Even though he was distracted by his books, he persists that one cannot achieve the pleasure of reading unless our mind and body are exercised in the correct manner. There is a healthy regime of the mind no less than of the body, and in fact the two are inseparable. An inquiring mind will be just as active as a healthy body in the pursuit of its interests. (ONeill: 101:2001) According to Montaigne, it is common for one to believe that the mind operates in a different manner to the body. But, even the active life of the body is inseparable from intelligence which itself is not exercised simply by closing ones eyes. (ONeill: 101: 2001) Thus, one should not separate these two elements. We can understand that Montaigne fully believes in this connection. Descartes was able to make complex philosophical concepts simple by breaking them down into manageable pieces. This is what he tried to do with the mind and body problem in order to insist that they are two unique substances, with the mind being regarded as a non-physical element, without connecting to the body. He therefore believed that he could live without the mind. Secondly, that the mind and the body may be dissimilar but they do interact. Nevertheless, he understands that this relationship is not ideal in that doà ¹ il est entià ¨rement manifeste que, nonobstant la souveraine bontà © de Dieu, la nature de lhomme, en tant quil est composà © de lesprit et du corps, ne peut quelle ne soit quelquefois fautive et trompeuse. (Descartes: 89:1992) The mind and body are surely two separate things in some senses of the word, but Descartes could have seamlessly made these two entities dualist aspects that can and must be separated. This is because intelligence comes from a place which cannot be defined. One cannot control the human mind and simply confine it to the body, because intelligence is completely separate from ones physical capabilities. For example, if one were to be paralysed from the neck down, Descartes would argue that the mind would still be unharmed. Similarly, someone could be unconscious but their brainwaves could still be functioning well. Since he believed in the power of the mind and intelligence, he was a deep thinker. Descartes argues, quil y a une grande diffà ©rence entre lesprit et le corps, en ce que le corps, de sa nature, est toujours divisible, et que lesprit est entià ¨rement indivisibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. je considà ¨re mon esprit, cest-à  -dire moi-mà ªme en tant que je suis seulement une chose qui pense, je ny puis distinguer aucunes parties, mais je me conà §ois comme une chose seule et entià ¨reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.lesprit semble à ªtre uni à   tout le corps, toutefois un piedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ou quelque autre partie à ©tant sà ©parà ©e de mon corps, il est certain que pour cela il ny aura rien de retranchà © de mon esprit. (Descartes: 86: 1992) Descartes disputes that the mind and body are separable, and argues that the mind is different to the body and therefore one can exist without the use of the other. Furthermore, to clarify this argument, Descartes gives an explanation of the body. If man loses a limb or part of their body, they have not lost the mind. According to Descartes , the mind is the core element that makes him aware that he exists. His well known philosophical quotation je pense donc je suis (Descartes: 110: 2000) is connected to this theory of dualism as it forms the basis of it. According to him, we exist due to the fact that we think. He realises that he has a working mind, without being entirely sure that he has a body. The combination of mind and body presents Descartes views of a genuine human being (Cottingham: 7:1999). He realised that a problem could not simply be analysed on the common sense level. Moreover, his statement cest-a-dire lame par laquelle je suis ce que je suis, est entierement distincte du corps, (Descartes : 111 :2000) can assert that the soul is the fundamental self, in contrast to the Thomist thesis that a human being is essentially a composite of body and soul. (Moriarty : 142: 2003) It is possible for one to doubt everything from God to ones body, but it is not possible for one to deny the fact that there is a consciousness, which led him to this famous motto. He realised doubting t he truth would be the only manner in which he would find out what was essentially true regarding the mind and body. However, he managed to put this aside and found one true belief, cogito ergo sum. (Descartes: 110:2000. His belief in God is strong, as he believes God is all-powerful. This enables him to believe that anything he wishes to visualise is without a doubt possible. If he can prove Gods existence, then he will be able to confirm other truths in life. Since the mind and body can be considered clearly as separate, it means that it is possible for God to make it happen. Descartes is not exactly clear on the connection between mind and body, but we can deduce from his work that he did not think they were related. Even though this was the case, he still discusses at some length the nature of the union of the human mind with its body. (Wilson: 177: 1982) Most likely, Descartes would take a roundabout way at arriving at his conclusions. First, he would take an abstract concept, by using the mind and intelligence as a kind of springboard for talking about other subjects more liberally. Then, he would continue to use evidence to back up his theoretical reasoning, probably using more abstractions to support his theoretical concept. Finally, he would wrap up in summation by using some concrete examples of what he was talking about in abstract terms. He believed in what he thought made him who he was. Un autre est de penser; et je trouve ici que la pensà ©e est un attribut qui mappartient : elle seule ne peut à ªtre dà ©tachà ©e de moi. (Descartes : 2000 : 25) not so with Pascal, who could clearly distinguish between the thought processes and separate that out from himself. Pascal, who preferred making explanations about various aspects of reality difficult and layered it with complicated aspects of knowledge argued against the dualist, and easily made the reverse of the mind and body argument. According to him, doubt could only lead to more doubt. He believed that one could not explain ones existence through reasoning and that man is mostly guided by beliefs and feelings. Therefore, the only solution and help is faith. One can only gain certain knowledge through obedience to God. He also confirmed that one may not be able to use his mind due to a certain reason, but yet his body would be kept physically alive. Je puis bien concevoir un homme sans mains, pieds, tete, car ce nest que lexperience qui nous apprend que la tete est plus necessaire que les pieds. Mais je ne puis concevoir lhomme sans pensee. Ce serait une pierre ou une brute. (Pascal: 107:2000) Therefore, it would seem that the mind and body definitely would be connected. Pascal also believe d in the power of the mind, but his focus was more on the physical and the reality of the body. The body is a concrete substance, and empirical in the sense that its functions can be measured and regulated. In his implications, he will find religious yet ethnical views to explain the mind and body problem. For instance he quotes toute notre dignite consiste donc en la pensee. Cest de là   quil faut nous relever, et non de lespace et de la duree, que nous ne saurions remplir. Travaillons donc a bien penser. Voila le principe de la morale. (Pascal: 171: 2000) It is possible to note his stress on morality here as he wants to acknowledge the suffering of human existence that could be found from these two non-connecting substances. Pascal would have been much more of a mathematical thinker. He thought in a linear fashion, and his arguments were in relation to geometry theorems. First, Pascal would begin with one argument and then logically make sure the other arguments followed in a linear sequence. For example, he would take one statement which would be his main idea. Next, Pascal would most likely support this idea with relevant evidence and facts. He would clearly and succinctly make his case as for why the mind and the body were one and the same element. Pascal was primarily concerned with the differences between the intuitive mind and the mathematical mind. In some ways, this would have been the difference between Descartes, Pascal and Montaigne. The mind and the body are surely two separate things in some senses of the word, but Descartes could have seamlessly made these two entities dualist aspects that can and must be separated. Pascal and Montaigne would have no doubt argued in the contra, that the mind and body are ultimately one and the same. However, any philosopher would see that all three philosophers would have had equally valid arguments in trying to convince people of their view. Each philosopher had very valid points about their own positions that would lend relevance to each of their particular theories. Pascal saw himself as a defender of Christianity, whilst Descartes knew himself as purely a philosopher. Without question, Pascal did take into consideration Descartes belief on the mind and body, but he did not believe that Cartesian Dualism was between the soul and the body, but instead between the infinity of God and sin of men. Montaigne accepted that the mind and body were connected, but should be used in the correct manner in order to work efficiently. Yet, all three thinkers share opinions regarding the creation of human and with this we can discover how they both have certain views in common. They both consider human beings as having a body, mind and thought, and because of this, Pascal regard man as un Roseau pensant. (Pascal: 171: 2000) They also realise that the mind and consciousness can encompass the body. These philosophers were all thinkers who looked at the world from their own perspectives and tried to make sense of their worlds. They tried using reason in order to make deductions and educated guesses, making sure to try their hardest to come to logical conclusions. As we can see, the relationship between the mind and body as conceived by all three philosophers vary. Both Montaigne and Pascal believe in the connection of the mind and the body, but Descartes does not. Pascal was hugely influenced by Montaignes writings and this could be the reason why they shared more of the same thoughts. Descartes was also influenced by the works of Montaigne, but had more of an influence from Aristotle and Plato. Both Montaigne and Pascal were sceptics and therefore questioned and rejected ideas of their times, which resulted in doubt. But whilst Montaigne did not find this a problem, Pascal did as he was over whelmed with religious doubts. Alternatively, Montaigne and Descartes differed because Descartes strongly agreed with the dualist view that the mind and body are independent substances. But, all three philosophers argued in favour of Gods existence. For Montaigne, he argued religion and human values through sceptic philosophy and doubt, Descartes through doubt and Pascal through faith. Descartes chose to understand that the mind must be separate from the body and therefore, intelligence was a nonphysical entity. Pascal and Montaigne thought intelligence and the mind were part of the body and also the same. In that sense, all three men were classically trained philosophical thinkers who followed in the footsteps of their predecessors by rationally deducing logical and well-thought-out arguments. Each of these men should be revered for their great contributions to society. 2990 words